Hamlet, Shakespeares Spectacle Essay - 990 Words

Deceit, mystery, murder, and betrayal are all very captivating and together have the makings for a daytime soap opera. In this case, however, they are a part of the tragedy of Hamlet. The most regaling aspects of this play, despite the entertaining and compelling qualities just mentioned, are the revenge and the surprisingly unappealing nature of the main character, Hamlet. Throughout the play, Hamlet makes stupid choices that will ultimately lead to his own death, and the death of many around him. Hamlet should not be identified as a courageous hero seeking to avenge his father but instead as a coward lacking determination. Hamlet and revenge are almost synonymous. Hamlet and determination are not. As a primary theme of the play†¦show more content†¦He had many opportunities to catch Claudius but did not. One such case is when Claudius went to repent. While Claudius was praying, Hamlet thought, â€Å"I, his sole son, do this same villain send/ to heaven†¦No! / Up, sword, and know thou a more horrid hent† (3.3.77-88). Hamlet did not kill Claudius, as he didn’t want him to go to heaven and decided to procrastinate even further. Hamlet’s weak choices can be compared to that of a train wreck. The choices are unbelievable and passersby, or in this case readers, just cannot look away. Hamlet sees the wrongdoings surrounding him and does nothing. As Ronald Knowles says, â€Å"He believes only too well that murder and incest are ‘bad’ and in need of corrective action†¦ but such a resolution is dialectically reversed from action to words† (1056-1057). Hamlet lacks the courage to do what he desires and deems right. To me, if you don’t do what you think is right you are the biggest coward of all. Does bravery increase with age or is a person less likely to stand for what is right because they have more at stake? Hamlet, as we can infer from the play, is an adult, and not a valiant one at that. When Hamlet is speaking to one of the gravediggers you come to find out, he is thirty years old. For a grown man, and one who is meant to be a king, Hamlet is melodramatic for no reason and he presents himself as an emotionally unbalanced teenager. Well-known author T.S. Eliot also believes Hamlet acts in excess of whatShow MoreRelatedHamlet : A Flawed Anti-Tragic Hero1715 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle’s poetics have long been considered the go-to guide for determining well written â€Å"poetry†, most notably in comedies and tragedies. Hamlet, like many of Shakespeare’s plays, is considered to be a tragedy although there is room to debate whether or not its protagonist is the quintessential tragic hero or a deeply flawed anti-tragic hero. Evaluating Hamlet using A ristotle’s theories, especially considering the criticism Shakespeare received for seemingly defying these ideals, may be the mostRead MoreWhat Makes A Tragedy?908 Words   |  4 Pagesform a â€Å"true† tragedy? In Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus the King† and Shakespeare’s â€Å"Hamlet† (two of the most renowned tragedies ever written), lay the keys to unearthing the facts about what characteristics produce the ultimate tragedy. â€Å"Oedipus the King† tells the terrible tale of a brilliant man who became king of Thebes and later discovers that he is the cause of a plague on the city because he killed his father and married his mother. â€Å"Hamlet† follows the events of a Danish prince who has been calledRead More Elements of Tragedy in Hamlet Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet: The Element of a Tragedy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 350 B.C.E., a great philosopher wrote out what he thought was the definition of a tragedy. As translated by S.H. Butcher, Aristotle wrote; â€Å"Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplishRead MoreEssay about Greek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 PagesGreek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet For several thousands of years, drama has existed among mankind. The ancient Greeks are accredited with the creation of drama, which began as simple religious rituals and eventually evolved into the more complex forms of tragedies and comedies. The first rules of drama, not surprisingly, were also written by a Greek--the famous philosopher and intellectual, Aristotle. Aristotle took note of the what qualities created a successful dramatic pieceRead MoreHamlet As A Turning Point Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pageseven if they do not decide this consciously. Shakespeare is somewhat of an outlier, generally defying much of the traditional rules set forth. Even so, Shakespeare’s plays can still show signs of Aristotle’s elements, and his methods can provide a deeper reading into plot, character, thought (theme), diction, song, and spectacle. By analyzing Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, using Aristotle’s six elements and his definition of a turning point, one is able to uncover Hamlet’s false madness and see thatRead MoreHamlet Was Not Shakespeare’S First Tragedy, Nor Would It1627 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet was not Shakespeare’s first tragedy, nor would it be his last, but it is certainly one of his most venerated for one reason in particular: Hamlet himself, the tragic hero. Not even Aristotle could have predicted that a character as complex and intricate as Hamlet would ever come into writing, although he did lay the foundation for which Hamlet could be built upon. As with most tragic heroes, where Hamlet begins in the play gives tremendous magnitude to where he eventually ends. He begins asRead More Authorship debate Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s works being just that is a notion most accept; however, there has been a lot of evidence and arguments by historians, who opt to challenge this notion, arguing that Shakespeare was the pen name of Edward de Vere, the Earl of Oxford had to conceal hi s authorship for social and political reasons. After careful examination of historian’s evidence this theory doesn’t measure up and it was indeed Shakespeare, who was the genuine author. The world has come to accept that WilliamRead MoreHamlets Second Soliloquy Essay927 Words   |  4 Pageshis new role of revenger. Shakespeare is not hesitant in foreboding the religious and metaphysical implications of this role, something widely explored in Elizabethan revenge tragedy, doing so in the first lines as Hamlet makes an invocation to ‘all you host of heaven’ and ‘earth’. Hamlet is shown to impulsively rationalize the ethical issues behind his task as he views it as a divine ordinance of justice, his fatalistic view reiterated at the end of scene 5 with the rhyming couplet ‘O cursed spiteRead MoreThe Aristotelian Method Of Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay1805 Words   |  8 Pagesextremely good way to analyze tragedies, but is it the best way? In Hamlet, there is evidence of all of the six elements that Aristotle thought created a successful tragedy, as well as a turning point. This method of analyzing can help to separate and analyze a lot of what makes Hamlet such a successful and classic play. From the plot to the spectacle, Hamlet shows evidence of everything. Even if this method isn’t the best way to analyze Hamlet, it does create a good starting point for taking the play apartRead MoreThe Exposition Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare Essay1281 Words   |  6 Pagesto find a play’s meaning until you comprehend its works† (Ball 3). William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is an excellently written dramatic tragedy, that when analyzed well, is a dynamically diverse piece of literature. Hamlet is an ideal play for analyzing, with much exposition, clear stasis and intrusion, good use of theatrical elements, suspenseful forwards, and multiple cause and effect triggers and heaps. The exposition in Hamlet is in constant development throughout act I, scenes i and ii, as the characters

An Examination Into The Respective Proofs Of St. Aquinas

An Examination into the Respective Proofs of St. Anselm and St. Aquinas During the Medieval Period, philosophers shifted their focus primarily to proving the existence of God, as well as other religious tenets. Two Saints of the Catholic Church, St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas, developed their own respective proofs for the existence of God. These proofs have gained fame over the subsequent centuries and still face debate and comparison today. Although both St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas offer proofs for the existence of God, the proofs differ drastically due to the distinct argumentative methods utilized by each author, as well as the differing overall strengths and weaknesses each proof yields. To begin comparing the proofs, one must first state them. St. Anselm’s proof is most clearly described by defining God as that than which no greater can be conceived (Melchert, 260). With this definition in mind, one can contemplate St. Augustine’s â€Å"Great Chain of Bei ng† and realize that existence gives something more being, or more greatness, than non-existence (Melchert, 261). It follows, then, that we grasp an idea of God, which would be greater if it actually existed, therefore it (our idea of God) exists. Anselm’s definition of God and Augustine’s theory of the Great Chain of Being are the only requirements for Anselm’s proof of the existence of God to work. St. Thomas Aquinas actually posits five separate proofs, but due to length constraints, this paper will onlyShow MoreRelatedSt. Thomas Aquinas On The Existence Of God1338 Words   |  6 PagesCatholic Church, St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas, developed their own respective proofs for the existence of God. These proofs have gained fame over the subsequent centuries and still face debate and comparison today. Although both St. Anselm and St. Thomas Aquinas both offer proofs for the existence of God, the proofs differ drastically due to the distinct argumentati ve methods utilized by each author, as well as the differing overall strengths and weaknesses each respective proof yields. To beginRead MoreNational Security Outline Essay40741 Words   |  163 Pagesunder other conditions a similar change may make for peace. 2. Historical Development a. Just War Period i. Aristotle, use war to prevent slavery, put men in leadership who will help others ii. Cicero, war only for peace, honour, safety. iii. Aquinas three requirements 1. the authority of a sovereign (not an individual) 2. just cause is required 3. belligerents should have a right intention, so that they intend the advancement of the good, or the avoidance of evil. iv. Little - The Just War

Decision Making Technique with Internet Reference Free Essays

The Decision Technique I chose to write about is the â€Å"Six Thinking Hats – Looking at a Decision from all Points of View.† This technique was created by Dr. Edward de Bono. We will write a custom essay sample on Decision Making Technique with Internet Reference or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dr. Bono is regarded as the leading international authority in conceptual and creative thinking and in the teaching of thinking as a skill. Of all the decision making technique I researched, this is the one that I agreed with the most in regards to the situation that I had in mind when researching decision making skills. This technique was very interesting to me because it made you look at a problem from all points of view. You could not be biased on one opinion or force of influence. It forced you to think outside the box. When making a decision, I feel that you must look at the issue from all points of view and not just your own biases or emotions. At times making a decision can be very hard, especially when you are the supervisor and responsible for your department. When both the decision and outcome it may have will ultimately affect you and your department and add the fact that you are the one that has to answer to higher authority. This is why I really think this technique is great because you incorporate how it will affect everyone around you from the employee to higher management. How this decision making technique works is that there are literally six hat you wear and each hat has a different way of thinking. For example: the first hat you wear is the â€Å"White Hat.† This hat allows you to focus on data and/or information. This is where you identify the problem or issue with the information you have by researching the information. The second hat you wear once you have the problem is the â€Å"Red Hat.† This is where you bring in the human in yourself and others. By realizing your intuition, reflex reaction and/or emotions. You also allow others to come in by realizing how they will react to the issue, how they will feel, how they will want to handle it, etc. This is a very important step in decision making because no matter what you chose to do this is the step that will make you or break you, in my opinion. This is where you will get your decision across to others by considering their reaction/emotions as well. The next hat that will be worn will be the â€Å"Black Hat.† Just as the color is stereo typed as â€Å"bad† this is where you think of all the negative reactions and how your decision will not work. This is where you analyze the issue and your decision and see where the mistakes are in your decision. This is also an important step as you consider the impact of your decision and the â€Å"what ifs.† The next hat is the â€Å"Yellow Hat.† Like a beautiful day when the sun is out and the weather is great to be outdoors and it is your day off. This is where you think optimistically and you see the good in your decision, which is a great step from coming out of the â€Å"Black Hat.† The next hat is the â€Å"Green Hat.† This is the step that you take off on. Your have already looked at the bad side and good side of your decision. This is where you get to be creative and brainstorm your decision and/or ideas. You are free at this point to write down all your ideas with no one to stop you. Finally, the last hat is the â€Å"Blue Hat.† Not because you are blue as in sad, because the ideas are not coming out as freely or when there is a back up plan needed. Those you are presenting the decision to usually wear this hat. Blue is neither good nor bad but can lead you back to the green hat or when you need a back-up plan which will send you back to the Black Hat. Because the organization I work for deals a lot with the public investigating, the dress code is an important issue. Recently in our organization this topic came up and it was addressed in a more formal way than usual. What was sent to everyone via the email was an explanation of why a Dress Code was being presented along with a List of What is permissible and not permissible to wear. The reason I feel that the â€Å"Six Hat† Technique would have been very useful in this situation is because I do not think that whomever made the decision of what was allowed to be worn or not considered other’s opinions or forces of influence. The list of what is allowed to be worn or not could be based on a person’s perception, depending on which side of the fence you were on. They left it open for scrutiny and conflict among employees and supervisors. By using the â€Å"Six Hats Technique, it would of allowed those in command to bring into the decisions making the employees that this issue will affect as well as their perception or biases in regards to the list of clothes. It would of allowed them to think the process more thoroughly as it is very hard to have a dress code with a diverse culture in our organization. To speak on behalf of the Dress Code Committee, it is very hard to try to please everyone. I feel that neither this decision making technique or any other technique used would of produced the perfect Dress Code List that would please everyone. This is one of those situations that you acknowledge you will be open to a lot of criticism. Because there is such diversity in culture, age, religious backgrounds etc., the perfect Dress Code List does not exist. Whatever technique was used in this decision making issue I feel was the best that they could do. Perhaps they should sign up for this course and learn how to frame the problem and learn to use better decision making techniques when making such an important decision that affects so many employees. How to cite Decision Making Technique with Internet Reference, Papers

Aviation Legislation for Custiss Motor Company- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAviation Legislation for Custiss Motor Company. Answer: Introduction: The report aims at providing an overview of a topic related to aviation legislation. The topic chosen here is identification of the several important aircraft developed by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company (Anderson, 2016). The Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company started in the year 1916 and was a partnership between Curtiss Aeroplane Company of the Hammondsport New York and the Custiss Motor Company belonging to the Bath New York. Discussion: The onset of the World War 1 led to the sharp rise in the military orders and it was necessary for Curtis to ensure a quick expansion. Therefore, in the year 1916, the company had to shift its headquarters and almost a major portion of its manufacturing activities to Buffalo, New York in order to get higher access to labor, transportation, capital and gain in manufacturing expertise (Cuerno-Rejado et al. 2015). The company ensured housing an engine factory for the aircraft in a previous General Railway Signal Company and Taylor Signal Company. There was also the initiation of an ancillary operation in the state of Toronto, Ontario that led to both the training and production thereby leading to the establishment of the first flying school in the year 1915. However, in the year 1917, two key aircraft patent holders, the Curtiss Company and the Wright Company led to the problem of blocking the construction of the newer airplanes. The significance of the problem laid in the fact that Uni ted States was in desperate need of the airplanes as it was at the verge of entering the First World War. As a result, the government of the United States recommended in the formation of committee led by the Franklin D. Roosevelt, the assistant secretary of Navy who compelled the industry in forming an organization based on patent pool. This led to the creation of two alternative options in the form of creation Manufacturers Aircraft Association and the formation of the selection of Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Corporation. However, the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Corporation were appointed for the manufacture of the planes for training the Navy and the Army Pilots. This led him to purchase a 28-acre training site located in the Elmwood Avenue of Buffalo. Curtiss was quite instrumental in developing the naval aviation company for providing aircraft and training the pilots. The company had its first major order in the form of 144 subtypes of the flying trainer boat known as Model F (Keane Carr, 2013). In addition to this, Curtiss also designed trainer boat of Model J category. This led to the creation of JN 4 which a trainer biplane consisting of two seats. However, for completing the large military orders, Curtiss distributed the manufacture of JN 4 amongst five manufacturers. He also the creator of Curtiss HS-2L that was a flying boat extensively used during the war for locating the anti- submarine patrols. They were operated from the base of Canada, Nova Scotia, Portugal and France. Curtis also led to the design of Curtiss F5L and Felixstowe F.3. He also worked with US Navy for developing NC-4, the first aircraft that flew across the Atlantic Ocean in the year 1919(Merati et al. 2017). Conclusion: To conclude, it can be said that the Curtis Aeroplane and Motor Company became one of the largest manufacturer of aircraft across the world. Curtiss was awarded for his vision due to his suggestions for building close to thousand airplanes for training the pilots of the First World War. References: Anderson, F. (2016).Northrop: An Aeronautical History. Wipf and Stock Publishers. Cuerno-Rejado, C., Garca-Hernndez, L., Snchez-Carmona, A., Carrio, A., Snchez-Lopez, J. L., Campoy, P. (2015). Evolution of the unmanned aerial vehicles until present.DYNA,90(3), 281-288. Keane, J. F., Carr, S. S. (2013). A brief history of early unmanned aircraft.Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest,32(3), 558-571. Merati, A., Yanishevsky, M., Despinic, T., Lo, P., Pankov, V. (2017). Alternate Environmentally Friendly De-Painting Process for Aircraft Structures-Atmospheric Plasma.Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering,5(04), 223.

Qantas Marketing free essay sample

Qantas is one of the oldest airlines in the travel industry established 1920 (Qantas. com. au, 2014) In this report we shall discover the main problems which are faced by the airline in terms of marketing and in competing with other airlines in the airline industry. This assignment will highlight the various micro and macro environmental factors operating in Qantas and how they may act as an opportunity or threat for the company. We will also discuss the various marketing strategies, planning and positioning process and discuss about the various segmentation techniques for better business opportunities. The report concludes the main concerns of QANTAS and what actions are recommended for a better profitable future. Table of Contents: Introduction4 Qantas SWOT PEST Analysis5 Qantas Macro environment9 Qantas Micro environment10 Marketing Research 11 Segmentation12 Positioning14 Buyer Behavior 15 Marketing Strategy Planning 16 Conclusion19 Referencing20 Introduction Qantas (Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial Services Limited) is one of the largest domestic and international airlines founded in Australia 1920 and considered one of the strongest brands in Australia with 33,000 employees out of which 93% are based within Australia. We will write a custom essay sample on Qantas Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Qantas. com. au, 2014) The aim of this report is to identify, analyze provide possible solutions with regards to the performance and declining market share of QANTAS. This report has taken place looking after QANTAS marketing audit (SWOT PESTEL), we will take a closer look in identifying the major factors affecting the QANTAS MICRO /MACRO environment. We will also look into the major marketing tools is affecting QANTAS position for its customers and business markets providing potential solutions. 1. 0 QANTAS SWOT PEST Analysis SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place, industry or a person. It involves specifying the objectives of the business venture of project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective. (Wikipedia, 2014) Figure 1 (Creately. com, 2014) This report will discuss SWOT analysis and how it’s linked with QANTAS: Strengths: 1. QANTAS covers a total of 184 destinations in 42 countries including 59 in Australia and 125 in other countries using their multi brand jet star QANTAS link (Qantas Airways Limited, 2011, p. 5) 2. Qantas and Emirates will service 14 flights per day between Australia and Dubai which will provide a one stop access to destinations across the middle east, Europe and Asia (Qantas. com. au, 2014) 3. With increasing number of fleet and orders more destinations can be served using new technologies including the new Airbus A380 which can accommodate high number of passengers with lower costs than other aircrafts. 4. Developing two different brands based on cost and budget would open doors for more business which is why the company had launched JESTAR as a budget subsidiary airline. Weaknesses 1. Large percentage of Australian based employees which results in high salaries vs. other markets which in turn will increase their employee costs. 2. With the increased competition in the international market (ETIHAD, Emirates, Qatar Airways) it becomes difficult for QANTAS to compete. Opportunities 1. With the open international markets, trading has become a vital source of income and a large percentage of companies require freight services to compete globally. 2. The recent alliance which has taken place between QANTAS and Emirates will open doors for more customer base with lower costs. Threats 1. The increasing market with low cost carriers is pulling customers towards low budget travel as customers today are more focusing and shifting towards economical air travel. 2. Increasing Oil prices is a very serious and main obstacle towards business as it affects directly prices negatively and the overall operating costs of the company. PEST A PEST analysis is a framework or tools used by marketers to analyze and monitor the macro-environmental (external marketing environment) factors that have an impact on an organization. The result of which is used to identify threats and weaknesses which is used in a SWOT analysis (Switch Digital, 2014) Figure 2 (Creately. com, 2014) PEST is the combination of external factors which could present an opportunity or threat to any organizations, This report examines the factors that could relate to QANTAS Political: Qantas intends to cut over 1000 jobs over the next 12 months, impose pay reductions and make cuts across the board as it continues down the losses. The airline blames a range of factors it cant control for its unflattering financial position including government regulations as by law, the iconic airline must be majority Australian-owned and controlled limiting its ability to take on cashed-up foreign partners. However competitor Virgin Australia has structured itself so that it can access foreign capital from shareholders Air New Zealand, Etihad and Singapore Airlines. Qantas also believes action should be taken against competitor Virgin Australia (Skynews. com. au, 2014) Economic The economic recession had a very serious negative impact on Qantas in 2009 where the demand for overseas flight dropped 5. 3 percent and total of 466,000 seats have been cut to foreign destinations. The strength of the business travel market had a severe drop during the early months of the recession in line with leisure travel which was dropping off at double the amount. Business travelers reduced due to economic conditions and moved to economy class travel (Peter Greenberg Travel Detective, 2009) Social Qantas ensures to serve HALAL food on all flights, hence this is a plus positive point which matches the core beliefs and values for Muslim passengers which are persistent and are passed from parents to children. Hence this is a very valuable factor which would attract Muslims when requiring travel. Another example would relate to the overall social cultural changes which had created awareness to people about different countries and has made travel an inspiration to many people to travel across the world to educate themselves with new cultures. Technological Technology was able to support open markets for QANTAS with the introduction of the latest Airbus A380 which will have numerous advantages to the carrier including: larger number of passengers transported per flight hence resulting in cost reduction, less fuel consumption, enhanced passenger services such as online check in, self check in kiosks mobile applications for convenient bookings which will all serve as a positive factor to passengers. 2. 0 QANTAS MACRO Environment Macro environment consist of all external factors (highlighted in the below diagram) that are beyond company’s control may have positive or negative influence on the performance of the company. Let’s now have a look at the major factors and challenges in the macro business of QANTAS Figure 3 (Strategicmanagementinsight. com, 2014) Government Regulations One of the major barriers constraints lying the growth of QANTAS is government regulations limiting foreign ownership in the airline . This is clearly demonstrated in the ongoing public battle between QANTAS and Virgin Australia over who is better off under the existing regulations governing airlines in Australia (ABC News, 2013) Economic Increased fuel prices is a continuous threat which will have a direct effect on airfares, with the increased competition in the travel market customers will easily opt for other alternatives. Technological Passengers will develop a good knowledge of the service and product to expect of each airline. For example, crew service standards, seat pitch, meals offered, drinks offered, in-flight entertainment (IFE) experience and so on. With that knowledge and insight, they will make their choices accordingly. With extensive consumer knowledge of airlines relative merits will increasingly drive consumer behavior. Airlines delivering a sub-standard product and treating passengers with indifference will eventually go out of business. (Sita. aero, 2014) 3. 0 QANTAS MICRO environment The micro environment refers to the forces that are close to the company and affect its ability to serve its customers. It includes the company itself, its suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets and publics (Wikipedia, 2014) Figure 4 (Learnmarketing. net, 2014) Suppliers: Qantas business success is widely dependant and evaluated based on the network of suppliers they deal with to produce customer value. Qantas will maintain relationships with wide range of suppliers such as fuel, catering, electronics†¦etc. The type of internal policies and agreements between Qantas and those suppliers and the way they add value to the passengers will have a direct impact on the success of the business. Competitors Qantas needs to conduct a detailed analysis of its competitors and develop strategies on increased customer acquisition and retention. In my opinion such analysis would include developing new routes, frequency of flights, departure and arrival timings, in flight entertainment. Qantas may need to consider it’s airport ground services, speed of formalities, airport lounges services. 4. 0 Market Research Marketing research is the process or set of processes that links the consumers, customers, and end users to the marketer through information — information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process. (Wikipedia, 2014) Marketing research is further divided into two categories s i. e. Primary and Secondary. Primary Research: Information that comes directly from the sourcethat is, potential customers. You can compile this information yourself or hire someone else to gather it for you via surveys, focus groups and other methods (Entrepreneur, 2014). In other words it’s the research which is conducted by the company directly for a specific objective, the company would require conducting detailed analysis and digging for information for the research hence is considered a more complex activity. Secondary research on the other hand would consist of all information that is . available in the external environment of the company. E. g. reports, statistics. Hence Secondary research is considered a cheaper and easier resource of information. A brief highlight of both segment features is highlighted below: Figure 5 (Successfulacquisitions. net, 2013) Marketing research is a vital important tool for any business for success, to name a few benefits: 1. Identify business opportunities in the market and to highlight any weaknesses which they might have within the organization. 2. It gives an overview of competitors position on the market hence acts as an indicator to what strategies the company needs to adopt. 3. It provides a ranking to the company to where it stands and the overall performance of the company. Qantas needs to conduct a detailed market research for the company from different perspectives among which are the below most important: 1. Identifying new markets: With the increasing competition in the airline industry and with top airlines dominating the airline business such as Emirates, Etihad and others QANATAS needs to conduct a research on most demanded routes and destinations not served by them. They may also increase their flights frequency to existing highly demanded destinations. It is important to note that the recent alliance with Emirates airlines would greatly support this kind of research, being a partner airline where they enjoy a well positioned hub in the Middle East at Dubai International Airport with very special privileges through Emirates. 2. Product Research : QANTAS may conduct a detailed research of it’s existing offerings and to what extent are they competitive market This would include in-flight entertainment, ground services including up to date lounges, services offered at global destinations, E-Service (online services, online check in†¦etc). With the increased technology consumers have really become very educated and can easily compare between airlines in terms of fares, services on board, airport facilities, loyalty programs and so on. 3. Suppliers Research: Yet another research which QANTAS needs to conduct is to analyze alternate lower cost suppliers. They may consider partner airlines and other operating airlines in Australia. This includes all fixed and variable costs including but not limited to fuel supply, catering, engineering, ground services†¦etc. A well market research on determining the lowest possible costs without compromising on quality will have a positive impact on the overall performance of the airline. 5. 0 Market Segmentation Segmentation refers to the aggregating of prospective buyers into groups (segments) that have common needs and will respond similarly to a marketing action. Market segmentation enables companies to target different categories of consumers who perceive the full value of certain products and services differently from one another. (Investopedia, 2009) QANTAS has released the importance of segmenting the market in order to develop products and services to meet the need of their customer’s needs and wants has adopted the below factors while segmenting the market: 1. Demographics: Segmentation based on category of customer’s i. e. Premium customers (first business class passengers), economy passengers or low cost budget passengers. 2. Geographic: Segmentation based on location; in this segment QANTAS needs to focus on which region are they targeting. The recent alliance with Emirates may be considered as an example of geographical segmentation as they have moved their hub and central operations from Singapore to Dubai to target a different and larger segment of consumers i. e Middle East, Europe and the Americas. Figure 6 indicates that QANTAS is the preferred domestic airline among a substantial portion of Australian business travelers. It is apparent that domestic travel represents a large segment to QANATS which should continue to target as a prime segment. (Acaresearch. com. au, 2014) Figure 6 (Aca research, 2012) 6. 0 QANTAS Positioning: Positioning is an effort to influence consumer perception of a brand or product relative to the perception of a brand or product relative to the perception of a competing brand or product. Its objective is to occupy a clear, unique advantageous position in the consumer’s mind (BusinessDictionary. com, 2014) QANTAS had positioned itself differently by developing a marketing mix (using product, place, price promotion) that sets it apart from other airlines offers competitive value to its customers. Let’s see how QANTAS has tried to position itself differently in the airline industry: 1. Service : Qantas has launched a new brand positioning – â€Å"You’re the reason we fly† – as the airline sets out on what marketing boss Lewis Pullen today described as â€Å"the most multi-channel, multi-dimensional campaigns ever launched in Australia. A Qantas A380 and a Boeing B737 will have the â€Å"Spirit of Australia† slogan changed to â€Å"Spirit of Australians†. Consumers will be asked to upload their names in the hope of having them appear as one of hundreds emblazoned on the planes. (mUmBRELLA, 2012) QANTAS is trying here to position itself as a carrier completely focused towards satisfaction of it’s customers with special attention to Australian citizens which is why the slogan is changing from â€Å"Spirit of Australia† to â€Å"Spirit of Australians† as they represent a major segment of their business growth . The promotion factor of the marketing mix was used for positing the brand name. Figure 7 (mUmBRELLA, 2012) 2. Product: QANTAS is investing to ensure that the fleet that carries it’s passengers to all destination remains one of the most advanced in the world. Over the next 10 years, the Qantas Group has committed capital investment worth around US$17 billion* in more fuel efficient, next generation aircraft, such as the Airbus A380, Boeing 787 Dream liner and Airbus A320 neo. Fleet renewal will offer the greatest benefits to fuel efficiency in the long run by replacing older aircraft with new more fuel-efficient aircraft (BusinessDictionary. com, 2014) 3. The airline company is trying here to position itself through focusing on the product in order to remain competitive in the market and gain competitive advantage Figure 8 (Centreforaviation. com, 2014) 7. 0 Buyer Behavior: Buyer Behavior understands the needs of customers, what motivates them to purchase, and how to influence the buying process to ensure that your products or services are on the list. Understanding customers will help to develop and distribute products, as well as getting the right price point and developing successful promotional activities. (Cim. co. uk, 2014) Qantas could tailor its promotions based on the below buyer behavior patterns: 8. 0 Marketing Strategy and Planning: Marketing strategy and planning is the advertising and marketing efforts for the coming year; it includes a statement of the marketing situation, a discussion of target markets and company positioning and a description of the marketing mix you intend to use to reach your marketing goals (Entrepreneur, 2014) Marketing planning process consists of 7 steps which include : understanding the corportate mission and objuectives, conducting a detailed marketing audit using the 4Ps,developing marketing objectives, deveoping marketijg strategies, preparing a marketing plan and integrating the plan with all other elements of the marketig plan. It is important to note that a marketing plan should be documented in order to compare outcomes year after yearI Qantas had indentified it’s strength,weaknesses,oppurtunities and threats based on which the company now is capable of solid corporate mission and objectives statement in order to have aclear vision of the company. The company needs to focus on the core competencies to add customer value which will in turn reflect back to the shreholder. This as mentioned earlier requires professional planning of the marketing mix (4Ps) to meet customer needs. Porter’s Five Forces is a simple maketing tool which provides the threat forces towards distracting customers away from the business. Let’s analyze the possible forces which may relate to Qantas : Figure 9 (Harvard Business Review, 2014) 1. Threat Of Substiutue Products : Qantas needs to analyze carefully the alternative competitior airlines in the market and analyze what might attract customers towards other airlines. They might need to focus on what lacks them in comparison with other airlines and what key elements does Qantas have that gives them competitive advantage. 2. Bargaining powers of Buyers : With the increasing technology custoemrs can now easily compare airlines and get easy access to various promotions to different airlines websites and get to know different prices, promotions and extra benefits. The widely spread of airline forums such as airlinequality. net has opened wide doors for customers to speak loud and get feedback and advce from previous travellers regarding a particular airline. Qantas needs to ensure high lecvel of transparency in terms of their offerings for a positive word of mouth. 3. Threat of new entrants : Virgin Australia and Singapore Airlines are discussing more strategic alliances which could result in more flights to Australia that would, in turn, eat into Qantas declining market share, particularly in international operations (International Business Times, 2012) 4. Bargaining powers of Suppliers: would reflect in the process of all supplies to QANTAS including but not limited to fuel, technology, catering, engineering†¦etc which represents a challenge in terms of increasing costs to the airline. Figure 10 (Sabreairlinesolutions. com, 2014) Conclusion: The airline industry is a fast changing industry with lots of increasing growing competition in the market due to introduction of new entrants, segmentation of the market towards high income and low income travel and changing travel trend. Qantas a well established company in the airline market with very strong capabilities, people and fleet has all the potential to stand as a leading airline, however it has two major challenges which consist of strict government regulations with regards to foreign capital interference and decreased passengers share due to new local entrants to the market which are backed up by strong mergers with different carriers resulting in a stronger route network. However, the recent alliance with Emirates Airlines is expected to improve the overall performance of the company by creating better opportunities for air travel to their customers by providing more flexible increased routes to various destinations Qantas should maintain its current reputation as the spirit of Australians and should not by any means compromise on their product (ground and air services) and people (employees) as those are the key factors for their continuity and success.

Fulfilling Your Academic Goals †English Essay

Fulfilling Your Academic Goals – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Fulfilling Your Academic Goals English Essay The more you learn, the more impressed you get by all the possibilities there are available for an individual in order to fulfill his or her academic goals. All through my high school years I wanted to become a classical musician. I spent hours practicing my instrument and I decided to take a step further by joining a more demanding musical in order to improve my technique. By that time it seemed that my life was determined, I was to become a violist and perform countless musical pieces all through my adult life. However, as I gained more experience in the musical field I realized that what I wanted was an experience to perform major symphonic works and chamber music, which I already had the chance to do. As time passed by and the time for making my college applications approached, I had second thoughts about my intended major and I decided to join a university without declaring any major. It can be seen in my academic record that I have been in different fields, trying to figure out what fitted me the best. Despite the fact that my academic life seemed promising, considering that I performed well under different areas of study, I felt empty. I could not find something that filled me and made me fell a more complete individual. I needed some time to reflect on my strengths and find an area of study in which I could free myself and study with motivation and complete dedication. Finally in 2002 I decided to study science back in my hometown of Ponce, Puerto Rico. It felt good, I started with great motivation managing to dominate the classes and making a good impression to the faculty members. However, I was still uncertain about where to take that education further. Medicine was on my mind during the first semesters, but it did not seem the final decision. A less comfortable time came during the second semester of the 2003-2004 academic year. By that time I had already completed 3 semesters with great grades, however I saw everything ahead of me far away, which seemed as a recurre nce of past feelings of uncertainty that I had experienced before studying science and affected me negatively. However, inside me I know I am not meant to be a failure, I had already accomplished great things and I knew I could do even more. Therefore, medicine presented to me as a complete career in which I could immerse and learn from. It offers me a big challenge to complete, and a satisfaction in which I only found in music before. It has the ability to give me a big sense of utility, meaning that I am able to provide a human being with perhaps the most important physical necessity there is: health. Music gave me the opportunity to cultivate human culture and ensure the continuity of great musical compositions, however, medicine can give me a more direct opportunity to work with people by treating them in times of need, intending to help them to improve their health directly, which I think is a satisfaction that only medicine can offer as a career. Therefore, by combining an unmatched sense of utility for the well being of others, and a continuous academic challenge, I find medicine a n excellent field for me, since I have always wanted something to fill me as an individual, rather than just working for economical survival. Research Papers on Fulfilling Your Academic Goals - English EssayStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaCapital PunishmentPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyGenetic EngineeringResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Strategic Management Real insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management Real insurance - Essay Example Insurance provision flourishes on records and the skill to strategise information from a range of diverse sources to issue course of actions and supervise. Consequently the rapidly growing division in the insurance business is the incorporation of wide-ranging business processes, for instance underwriting policies, executing policy controller services, and reporting argues into workflow structures. Sensitive industry antagonism, augmented customer hopes and requirements for larger effectiveness are chief drivers shoving the insurance business to reassess its tactics and to adjust its long-established in use processes. Insurance organisations, such as Real Insurance, should gather the advantages of modernised Web-based flow mechanisation, lessening expenses of operations and cutting decision making time. By employing online automation, Real can divest the vastness of this practice and enhance profits by giving end users direct access to their records online instantaneously and letting them to deal their own service requests, ask for an excerpt and even join and download a policy (Liang, 2000). Sharing and swap of confidential information between numerous public and corporations need by insurance industries. The test is how to achieve this harmlessly and cost effectively while promising customer trustworthiness and keeping high levels of customer satisfaction. Likewise it is essential to certify that only authorised staff can access restricted consumer statistics or supervise claim records in line with the Privacy laws. This process can be considered a great innovation by handing over not only information access but also operational transactions to the end user. The revolution will have the following impact on the insurance industry (Cockburn, 2001): Upgrading level of service to clients, Noteworthy cost reduction Versatile flexible, groups and products presented, Updated procedural effectiveness Better control of technology. 2. Outline of the analysis with reasons of the selections The link between Knowledge Management and Strategy (Zack, 1999) is the key to Web-based Insurance Structure of Real Insurance and will enable this organisation to find gap between knowledge and strategy (Refer figure 1). Figure 1: 2.1 Modernised form of Insurance The function of Internet and associated information technologies is to create and allocate insurance functionalities. In an advanced sense, it

Comparison between Boeing 737-800 and Embraer ERJ-170LR Research Paper

Comparison between Boeing 737-800 and Embraer ERJ-170LR - Research Paper Example Presently, just the -700, -800, as well as -900ER, are assembled, as neither the -600 nor the -900 was well-liked. Its main competition is the Airbus A320 family. The Embraer E-Jet family, on the other hand, is a series of narrow-range and medium-range double-engine jet airliners manufactured by Brazilian airline corporation, Embraer (Endres, 2009). Initially introduced at the Paris Air Exhibition, in 1999, and going into production, in 2002, the airplane series has been a business success (Norris & Wagner, 2011). The aircraft is utilized both by regional and mainline airlines all over the global. From December 31st, 2012, there was an accumulation of 185 firm orders for the E-Jets, 908 units and 580 options delivered. On September 13th, 2013, a celebration was held at the Embraer plant in Sà £o Josà © dos Campos to celebrate the release of the 1,000th E-jet family airplane. The E-175 was released in an American Eagle Airlines colored with a unique "1,000th E-Jet" label over the ca bin windows (Endres, 2009). This paper will compare between Boeing 737-800 and Embraer ERJ-170LR of Boeing Commercial Airlines and Embraer, respectively. The 737-800 is an expanded edition of the 737-700, and substitutes the 737-400. It also sealed the gap left by the choice to cease the MD-80 and MD-90 (McDonnell Douglas) after Boeings unification with MD. The 737−800 was first introduced by Hapag-Lloyd Flug (at the moment TUI fly). The model also seeks to swap the market section.

Evaluation of the Long-term Strategy of Starbucks Company in China Essay

Evaluation of the Long-term Strategy of Starbucks Company in China - Essay Example This essay delivers critical assessment of the plans of Starbucks company to strengthen its China operations with the help of the PESTEL analysis utilization. Globalisation of production and investment in recent years has led to a situation where long-term capital inflows from advanced economies to developing economies is taking place at a rapid pace. No doubt this has contributed immensely to the economic growth and development of these nations. In this process while on the one hand global knowledge is being used locally, at the same time local societies too are moving towards a knowledge society with an increased level of locally produced knowledge. It is still widely believed about the developing world that most of the knowledge and the transition societies are produced outside the region. The later half of the 20th Century saw dramatic growth in industrial production and in the mass consumption in developing nations. The Starbucks company was found in 1971 in Seattle’s Pike Place Market today it has its presence in 36 countries outside United States. It is offering more than 30 blends and single origin coffees, hand-crafted espresso and blended beverages. Company’s mission statement says, â€Å"Establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow.† Having established itself as the world’ leading brand, the company now wants to strengthen its market in China, a big consumer market, the land of billions and vast opportunities. ... Growth of industrial output in countries like China and India during this period was robust and to some extent the process of catching-up also began in the technological field (Linsu Kim, 1997). The process is thus called "imitation to innovation" approach. Well Starbucks, the coffee can only be enjoyed in the cool company of a friend, while relaxing after a days' work, or while preparing oneself for the day full of assignments. It's not like any other product or service, which we can order on its e-business website. But nonetheless, the company has an attractive presence on the net with http://www.starbucks.com/ which informs the coffee lovers about the varieties and processes available with Starbucks. The website basically has the following sections; Our Coffees: This section tells about the range of Starbucks coffees and company's expertise on the subject. With a details menu of its varieties available in Latin America, Africa, Arabia, Asia and some multi regional blends, the site encourages the visitor to at least have a look at it in any one of its locations. Our Stores: This tab spills the beans about different locations where the patrons of coffee can have a go at it. Starbucks Card: The Company also issues 'Starbucks card' to its customers, which serves as a means of rewarding the loyal customer. This is a co-branded card with Visa and calls on the consumers to earn more and more Starbucks "Duetto Dollars" with every Visa purchase through this card. At Home: Here the site gives us information about how we can enjoy Starbucks at home with little help from our nearby store. For Business: This section calls for business opportunities with other corporate clients and how one can open a Starbucks coffee outlet with the

Queuing System At The Entrance Of Klimahaus Tourism Essay

Queuing System At The Entrance Of Klimahaus Tourism Essay Waiting in line for service is part of everyday life. As consumption and production of service occur simultaneously, variations in demand for service as well as in service time requirements result in idle service capacity at some times and the formation of queues at others. A queue forms whenever the demand for service exceeds the existing service capacity. (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006) Experts suggest that no aspect of customer service is more important than the wait in line to be served. (Bennett, 1990, cited in Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006, p. 389). The waiting experience, or more precisely the perception of waiting time, has a strong effect on customers ´ overall satisfaction with the service ((Pruyn Smidts, 1998). Moreover, if customers find a queue too long or slow-moving they may balk and decide not to join the service system at all or customers who have joined the queue may renege, which means that they leave a queue before receiving service. Both balking and reneging represent losses in revenue and goodwill to the service organization (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006; Ou Rao, 2003). Several service operations management techniques exist to reduce waiting time and hence customer balking and reneging, most common is the variation of service capacity. However, oftentimes the reduction of waiting time is not feasible due to the size of the queue, the space of the facility or cost factors in personnel which makes customer waiting inevitable (Pearce, 1989). If waiting time cannot be reduced service organizations are advised to find ways to make time pass as quickly and pleasantly as possible (Maister, 1985, cited in Pruyn, 1998). (Pruyn Smidts, 1998) even state that the waiting environment, namely the design, decoration and stimuli which distract customers ´ attention from waiting, is a stronger determinant of service satisfaction than the actual waiting time. Therefore they advise service managers to focus less on reducing waiting times but to pay attention to the waiting conditions instead. The understanding of each feature of a queuing system provides insights and identifies management options for improving customer service (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). In the following the features of a queuing system are being described and the current queuing system at the entrance of the Klimahaus ® Bremerhaven 8 ° Ost, a science centre situated in the tourist quarter called Havenwelten in Bremerhaven/Germany, is being evaluated. Subsequently, suggestions for improvement are being made whereby physical, psychological and economic factors are taken into account likewise. 2. Queuing Systems Figure 1: Queuing System Source: Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006Queuing systems occur in a variety of forms but the common essential features of queuing systems are the calling population, the arrival process, the queue configuration, the queue discipline and the service process as illustrated in the figure below (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). In the following the individual features of a queuing system will be explained. 2.1 Calling population Figure 2: Calling Population Source: Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006 Arrivals represent the calling population which can consist of a homogeneous group or of several subpopulations. Subpopulations have different waiting expectations and place different demands on services. In a queuing system the number of customers requiring service can be limited or unlimited (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). If the number is finite, the number of customers outside the queuing system will depend on the number of customers already in the system and if the number is infinite, the number of customers outside the system in not affected by the number of customers already in the system (Tadj, 1995). 2.2 Arrival process Any analysis of a system must begin with a complete understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of the demand for service (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). Arrival time data can be collected and used to calculate interarrival times. Generally the distribution of interarrival times is exponential. The exponential distribution gives the probability that the time between arrivals will be t or less (e. g. minutes between arrival) and the so called Poisson distribution gives the probability of n arrivals during the time interval t (e. g. arrivals per hour). Both distributions represent alternative views of the same process (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). Characteristic for the exponential distribution is the no memory-property which means that the probability distribution of the time until the next arrival is independent of the last arrival (Tadj, 1995). 2.3 Queue configuration Queue configuration is the design of a waiting line system and refers to the number of queues, their locations and their spatial requirements. The queue configuration has an effect on the wait time and on customer behaviour. A queue is said to be finite if for example the spatial requirements are not sufficient to accommodate all waiting customers or if a public parking garage has not enough parking lots and arriving customers have to be turned away (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). The figure below shows several alternatives of waiting configurations and their advantages and disadvantages(Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). Figure 3: Queue Forms and Their Features Source: Pearce, 1989 Another alternative is a virtual queue, usually on the telephone, which can be considered most frustrating for customers because oftentimes they do not know their position in line when they are placed on hold (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). 2.4 Queue discipline The queue discipline is a policy established by management to select the next customer from the queue for service (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). If the management applies the first-come, first-served rule (FCFS) all customers are treated fairly and are served according to their position in line. This queue discipline is said to be static. In a dynamic queue discipline, however, the next customer to be served is selected according to one or more attributes, for example in the shortest-processing-time approach (SPT) customers who require short processing times are given priority. This is done by placing arrivals in different priority groups on the basis of some attributes and by applying the FCFS within each group. This practice is said to minimize the average time a customer spends in the queuing system. A further procedure which is common in a medical context is triage, where priority is given to those who benefit most from an immediate treatment. The preemptive priority procedure is the most responsive queue discipline because service even is interrupted in order to serve an arriving customer with higher priority. This rule is applied in emergency services or fire ambulance services (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). 2.5 Service process Due to variations in customer needs and server performances, the service time distribution can be of any form. However, if the service is simple to perform the service time distribution frequently is exponential (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). Figure 4: Classification of Service Processes Source: Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006 According to (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006) there are several possible service facility arrangements: Service Facility Server Arrangement Parking lot Self-servicer Cafeteria Servers in series Toll booths Servers in parallel Supermarket Self-serve, first stage; parallel servers, second stage Hospital Service in parallel and series, not all used by each patient A service facility arrangement with servers in parallel has the advantage that it is flexible in meeting variations in demand for service. The service capacity can be adjusted to meet changes in demand, especially if employees are cross-trained (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). 2.6 Economic, physical and psychological aspects of customer waiting Economic cost of waiting For the service organization the economic cost of waiting is the wage of an idle employee at times of low demand for service. Times of high demand for service and resulting excessive wait times for customers or even the expectation of long waits can lead to lost sales. For customers the cost of waiting is the forgone alternative use of that time at times of high demand for service plus the costs of boredom, anxiety, and other psychological distress (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). Physical needs of waiting customers To make the waiting experience more comfortable it is advisable to provide shelter from rain, sun or wind. Usually people relieve fatigue by leaning, stooping and propping themselves against bars, rails and barriers therefore seats, queue rails, steps or leaning bars should be provided for waiting customers if possible. Psychological needs of waiting customers According to {{21 Fitzsimmons,James A. 2006}} the perception of waiting often is more important to the consumer than the actual time spent waiting. If the customer expectation exceeds the perception the customer is unsatisfied and contributes to a bad reputation of the service organization, if the perception exceeds the expectation the customer is satisfied with the service and contributes to a good reputation of the service organization {{21 Fitzsimmons,James A. 2006}}. Customers waiting in line should not be excluded from an attentive service. Customers should be given the feeling that the service company knows that they are there and that service has started already {{22 Pearce,Philip L. 1989}}. Psychological and physical needs of people in queues can be met with a range of innovative queue management techniques {{22 Pearce,Philip L. 1989}}. Some methods to .. are named by {{21 Fitzsimmons,James A. 2006}}(Fitz..) are animation, discrimination, automation and obfuscation. Animation and distraction lead to a shorter perceived waiting time because the attention is drawn away from the internal clock (Pruyn Smidts, 1998). {{22 Pearce,Philip L. 1989}} considers information provision as one of the most important methods because frustration, boredom and a range of negative emotional effects follow from this lack of information to the waiting to the waiting public. 3. The Queuing System of the Klimahaus ® Bremerhaven 8 ° Ost The Klimahaus ® is a science centre in Bremerhaven which opened on 27th of June 2009. On an exhibition area of 11,500 m ² and 143 exhibition rooms the experiential museum presents data, facts and phenomena on climate and climate protection. As a relatively new attraction the museum experiences high demand and congestion, especially at weekends, holidays and in the summer season. 600,000 visitors were calculated per year but due to the novelty effect, the Klimahaus ® could welcome its millionth visitor after only 15 months of operation, on 22nd of September 2010. (www.klimahaus.de). Considering the opening hours of the Klimahaus ® this gives on average 243  visitors/hour, whereby the Klimahaus ® experiences significant variations in demand which lead to waiting times up to 2,5 hours at some times. There are numerous attractions in the Havenwelten and the risk is high that people change their mind when confronted with a long queue in front of the ticket counter and go somew here else. To keep the high level of visitor numbers even when the novelty effect has faded, the Klimahaus ® relies on satisfied customers who recommend a Klimahaus ®-visit to others and are willing to visit the museum repeatedly, despite long waiting times that can occur. In the following the current queuing system of the Klimahaus ® is being evaluated and the physical, behavioural, and economic aspects of the consumer waiting experience are taken into account in order to make suggestions for the improvement of the waiting line management. 3.1 Calling population The calling population of the Klimahaus ® consists of walk-in customers (either locals or tourists) who arrive randomly and groups or school classes with reservations. For a group reservation a minimum of 15 people is required. While walk-in customers are not controllable group arrivals are planned and hence controllable. The number of walk-in customers is infinite whereas the number of groups on a specific day can be considered finite because group reservations need to be made at least a day in advance. Hence, the probability of future group arrivals on a specific day depends on the number of groups currently in the system. Groups and school classes can be expected to have significant lower waiting expectations compared to walk-in customers due to their reservations which are linked to a `front of the line-service ´ upon arrival. Locals, again, can be expected to have lower waiting expectations than tourists because they can choose a less busy day or time for their Klimahaus ® -visit or at least buy their tickets at less busy times to avoid waiting in line. Tourists oftentimes come to Bremerhaven at weekends or during holiday seasons and therefore may expect a longer wait. However, within each subpopulation the waiting expectations may differ significantly among customers due to their respective opportunity costs. 3.2 Arrival process The collection of arrival time data is necessary to get an understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution of demand for service in order to identify periods of high and low demand for service and measures to better match service capacity with service demand. However, no service demand data was available for this paper except from the visitor number of 1,000,000 on the 22nd of September 2010 which is published on the homepage and could be used to calculate the average number of visitors per hour in the first 15 months of operation with 243. As many other service organizations the Klimahaus ® experiences variable demand and variable service times which leads to waiting times up to 2.5 hours at busy times. Those variations in demand affect the requirements for service capacity. When possible, the number of servers is adjusted to match changes in demand. Although the cross-trained employees of the Klimahaus ® are a perfect basis for adjusting service capacity to changes in de mand, for the museum this strategy is only reasonable to a small extent. The exhibition itself has limited spatial capacity and increasing the level of staff would result in overcrowding and reduce the level of security. Therefore, this paper is going to focus on other strategies to reduce waits or to make them at least more tolerable. 3.3 Queue configuration As the figure below shows, the Klimahaus ® applies a single line multiserver model where customers form a single line and are served by the first server available. Figure 5: Ticket counter at the Klimahaus ® Source: www.nordsee-zeitung.de Figure 6: Queue configuration of the Klimahaus ® Bremerhaven 8 ° Ost (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006) name the advantages and disadvantages of a single queue as follows: Generally a single queue arrangement guarantees fairness because customers are served in order of their arrival (first-come, first-served). However, as can be seen on Picture 2, the waiting line system of the Klimahaus ® does not prevent people from cutting-in because the biggest part of the waiting line is in front of the Klimahaus ® at the so called Havenplaza where no barrier ropes are being used. This fact, on the other hand, allows single members of a family or small group to leave the queue and e. g. to have a look at the Klimahaus ® -shop or the nearby shopping centre or to get some brochures from the tourist information. Since there is only one queue, customers do not feel anxious about whether they have selected the fastest line. Wait time is affected by the design of the waiting line system the single line model is more efficient in terms of reducing the average time that customers spend waiting in line. Figure 7: Havenplaza Source: www.nordsee-zeitung.deA single-line approach comes with higher spatial requirements compared to a multiple lines approach because there is one long queue instead of several shorter queues. The Klimahaus ®-queue can be said to be infinite because the Havenplaza in front of the museum and the parking garages in the immediate vicinity offer sufficient capacity to accommodate arriving customers. Figure 8: Queue configuration of the Klimahaus ® Bremerhaven 8 ° Ost (high demand)Customers may interpret a long queue as evidence of a long wait and decide not to join the queue. (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006) suggest hiding a long waiting line from customers, e. g. by integrating the queue into the design of the building, to prevent customers from balking. The approach of integrating the queue into the design was not adopted by the museum, presumably due to space or cost reasons or because it is not that common for museums. (Pearce, 1989) on the other hand states that customers may prefer to see the end of a queue because it gives them a feeling of certainty. Although, in case of the Klimahaus ® visual access from the back of queue is poor as can be seen on Picture 2. However, to avoid frustration among arriving customers and to give them a feeling of certainty in order to make them join the queue, it is advisable to make information on the expected waiting time available (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006; Pearce, 1989). The single queue arrangement proves to be flexible at times of high demand because the number of servers can be adjusted, especially if employees are cross trained as it is the case in the Klimahaus ®. However, as mentioned earlier the Klimahaus ® itself has limited spatial capacity and increasing the level of staff would result in overcrowding and reduce the level of security. A disadvantage of the single line-approach is that people have to stand in line in contrast to the take a number-approach where people are free to wander around. The take a number-approach can be an attractive alternative because there is no need for a formal line and customers could go to the Klimahaus ®-shop or to the nearby shopping centre. On the other hand, customers have to stay alert otherwise they risk missing their turns for service. Queue width also plays an important role. In contrast to a one-person wide queue, a wider queue like the one used by the Klimahaus ® is desirable because it enables family members to stand side by side in the queue which enables conversation and children have more room to stretch and interact (Pearce, 1989). When considering the physical needs of people waiting in line, it can be noted that the Havenplaza is a roofed hall which provides shelter from the sun or rain and has public toilets. On the other hand customers waiting in line have no possibilities to sit or lean (e. g. on hand rails) to relieve from fatigue. As mentioned earlier, animation and distraction lead to a shorter perceived waiting time because the attention is drawn away from the internal clock (Pruyn Smidts, 1998). Above the ticket counter there is a tv screen that shows pictures and information regarding the exhibition but unfortunately it is only visible for customers waiting inside the building. When the wait time is especially long, occasionally an employee is deployed at the Havenplaza in order to answer questions of waiting customers, to hand out flyers to adults or balloons, gummi bears etc. to children. Moreover, sometimes the mascot of the Klimahaus ®, Max the climate mouse, animates children waiting in line. 3.4 Queue discipline Generally the queue discipline of the Klimahaus ® is first come, first service, except for groups with reservations who benefit from a common  ´front of the line service ´ upon arrival. (Friedman Friedman, 1997) states that customers with high opportunity costs, e. g. tourists who have a short stay in Bremerhaven or explicitly come to Bremerhaven for a Klimahaus ®-visit or customers who just do not like to wait in line, might be highly sensitive to long waits and be willing to pay a premium for a faster service in a separate line to avoid waiting. Waiting line segmentation might be an option for the Klimahaus ® to reduce waiting for the customers in the regular queue and the customers in the fast queue. If the premium covers the cost of the additional server, waiting line segmentation is a simple, cost-free strategy for increasing profit, employment, efficiency and customer satisfaction (Friedman Friedman, 1997). 3.5 Service process No service time data is available and need to be collected but the service time distribution can be considered to be exponential because the service is simple to perform. In case of the ticket counter at the entrance of the Klimahaus ® servers are arranged in parallel which has the advantage that variations in demand for service could be met by adjusting the number of servers to meet demand. Nevertheless, to avoid overcrowding in the exhibition there are regularly three but no more than four servers at the ticket counter at times of high demand. (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006) advise service managers to keep in mind that sustained pressure to hurry may increase the rate of customer processing, but it also sacrifices quality. 4. Suggestions for Improvement Since adjusting service capacity to meet high levels of demand cannot be considered a reasonable strategy for the Klimahaus ® to reduce waiting, other strategies like differential pricing to encourage customers to use the off-peak hours should be taken into consideration (Fitzsimmons Fitzsimmons, 2006). Usually in the latter part of the day, the Klimahaus ® experiences lower demand because a visit takes 3 5 hours on average. For this reason it might be useful to offer an afternoon ticket which is cheaper the usual day-ticket to level demand. It needs to be analysed if such an offer would have a cannibalizing effect or a positive effect on revenue from entrance tickets. A further strategy to reduce waiting is waiting line segmentation which could also be an option for the Klimahaus ® because it is a simple, cost-free strategy for increasing profit, employment, efficiency and customer satisfaction. However, before implementing such a strategy the service organization would have to do some testing to determine the optimal size of premium and to determine the acceptance of customers. Customers who decide to stay in the regular queue or cannot afford to take the more expensive fast lane might perceive this practice as unfair and catering to the rich which can result in a negative image of the Klimahaus ® (Friedman Friedman, 1997). Due to the significant variations in demand waiting in line for a ticket is inevitable and therefore the waiting experience should be made as pleasant as possible under the given circumstances. Because the biggest part of the queue forms not in the Klimahaus ® itself but at the Havenplaza, the Klimahaus ® could be advised to prove the possibility of installing benches or leaning bars for the customers to relief from fatigue. Customers waiting in line should not be included in an attentive service and questions of arriving customers should be answered to give them security. If it is not feasible for cost reasons to have an employee answering questions in person, wait time-signs should be set and a FAQ-sheet which all important information should be made available to arriving customers. Also display panels or sheets (alongside the queue) which ask the waiting public questions, or which set them tasks to solve, assist both the information needs of the public and their perception of time (Pearce, 1989). Furthermore, the mascot, Max the climate mouse, is relatively unknown and could be used more often to animate children waiting in line with their families. 5. Conclusion By analysing the features of the queuing system at the entrance of the Klimahaus ® useful insights could be gained. Due to significant variations in service demand, waiting in line to get a ticket is inevitable at times when service demand exceeds service capacity. Increasing the number of servers at the ticket counter at times of high demand would compound overcrowding in the spatial limited exhibition and therefore increasing service capacity to meet demand cannot be considered an appropriate strategy for the Klimahaus ® to reduce waiting. Further investigation on this topic could be helpful to identify the optimal staffing level in consideration of the space limitation of the museum and to develop measures to reduce overcrowding in the exhibition. Possible strategies to shorten waits could be identified like waiting line segmentation or price differentiation. However, in order to effectively implement those strategies, service demand and service time data need to be collected and analysed. Moreover, by taking into account the physical and psychological needs of customers waiting in line, methods to make wait more tolerable could be identified to improve customers ´ queuing experience, A more pleasant queuing experience can not only reduce balking, reneging and thus lost sales for the Klimahaus ® but also increase the customers ´ overall satisfaction with the service.

Oedipus the King Essay -- Greek Tragedy Oedipus King Essays

Oedipus the King The ancient Greeks were famous for their tragedies. These dramas functioned to â€Å"ask questions about the nature of man, his position in the universe, and the powers that govern his life† (â€Å"Greek† 1). Brereton (1968) stated that tragedies typically â€Å"involved a final and impressive disaster due to an unforeseen or unrealized failure involving people who command respect and sympathy. It often entails an ironical change of fortune and usually conveys a strong impression of waste. It is always accompanied by misery and emotional distress† (20). The play, Oedipus the King, by Sophocles definitely demonstrated the characteristics of an impressive disaster unforeseen by the protagonist that involved a character of respect, included irony, and was accompanied by misery and emotional distress. Tragedies usually chronicle a disaster that was unforeseen by the protagonist. To qualify as a disaster this event must have striking circumstances (Brereton 6). The spectators of the tragedy feel a deep sympathy for the protagonist because the decision made by this character was done without intending evil (New T-349). In Oedipus the King, Oedipus chose to leave Corinth to prevent the prophecy that he would kill his father and marry his mother. Even though this appeared to be an appropriate decision, it was wrong. In the process of leaving Corinth, Oedipus came across his real father at a three-road intersection and during a scuffle killed him. Later he married his mother, Iocastà ª, fulfilling the prophecy. Oedipus did not know that this was his true father or mother because he deliberately made the decision to leave Corinth thinking that Polybos and Meropà ª were his parents. The disaster that occurred her... ...t of the play. The play spoke of the downfall of Oedipus from respected king (someone of status) to a penniless, blind, exiled peasant who was scorned by the kingdom. At the end of the play, Oedipus and his family suffered the disgrace of their true reality. Works Cited Brereton, Geoffrey. Principles of Tragedy. Florida: University of Miami Press, 1968. â€Å"Greek Tragedy.† http://www.stremnet.nf.ca/~hblake/tragedy1.html (23 Nov. 1999). â€Å"Irony.† The American Heritage Dictionary. 1969. Mandel, Oscar. A Definition of Tragedy. New York: University Press of American, 1982. Sophocles. Oedipus the King. Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York: Longman, 1999. 1255-1294. â€Å"Tragedy.† New Stanford Encyclopedia. 1998. â€Å"Tragedy.† The World Book Encyclopedia. 1998.

Part Seven Chapter 3

The coffins lay side by side on biers at the front of the church. A bronze chrysanthemum oar lay on Krystal's, and a white chrysanthemum teddy bear on Robbie's. Kay Bawden remembered Robbie's bedroom, with its few grimy plastic toys, and her fingers trembled on the order of service. Naturally, there was to be an inquiry at work, because the local paper was clamouring for one, and had written a front-page piece suggesting that the small boy had been left in the care of a pair of junkies and that his death could have been avoided, if only he had been removed to safety by negligent social workers. Mattie had been signed off with stress again, and Kay's handling of the case review was being assessed. Kay wondered what effect it would have on her chances of getting another job in London, when every local authority was cutting numbers of social workers, and how Gaia would react if they had to stay in Pagford †¦ she had not dared discuss it with her yet. Andrew glanced sideways at Gaia and they exchanged small smiles. Up in Hilltop House, Ruth was already sorting things for the move. Andrew could tell that his mother hoped, in her perennially optimistic way, that by sacrificing their house and the beauty of the hills, they would be rewarded with a rebirth. Wedded for ever to an idea of Simon that took no account of his rages or his crookedness, she was hoping that these would be left behind, like boxes forgotten in the move †¦ But at least, Andrew thought, he would be one step nearer London when they went, and he had Gaia's assurance that she had been too drunk to know what she was doing with Fats, and perhaps she might invite him and Sukhvinder back to her house for coffee after the funeral was over †¦ Gaia, who had never been inside St Michael's before, was half listening to the vicar's sing-song delivery, letting her eyes travel over the high starry ceiling and the jewel-coloured windows. There was a prettiness about Pagford that, now she knew that she was leaving, she thought she might quite miss †¦ Tessa Wall had chosen to sit behind everyone else, on her own. This brought her directly under the calm gaze of St Michael, whose foot rested eternally on that writhing devil with its horns and tail. Tessa had been in tears ever since her first glimpse of the two glossy coffins and, as much as she tried to stifle them, her soft gurglings were still audible to those near her. She had half expected somebody on the Weedon side of the church to recognize her as Fats' mother and attack her, but nothing had happened. (Her family life had turned inside out. Colin was furious with her. ‘You told him what?' ‘He wanted a taste of real life,' she had sobbed, ‘he wanted to see the seamy underside – don't you understand what all that slumming it was about?' ‘So you told him that he might be the result of incest, and that I tried to kill myself because he came into the family?' Years of trying to reconcile them, and it had taken a dead child, and Colin's profound understanding of guilt, to do it. She had heard the two of them talking in Fats' attic room the previous evening, and paused to eavesdrop at the foot of the stairs. ‘†¦ you can put that – that thing that Mum suggested out of your head completely,' Colin was saying gruffly. ‘You've got no physical or mental abnormalities, have you? Well then †¦ don't worry about it any more. But your counsellor will help you with all of this †¦') Tessa gurgled and snorted into her sodden tissue, and thought how little she had done for Krystal, dead on the bathroom floor †¦ it would have been a relief if St Michael had stepped down from his glowing window and enacted judgement on them all, decreeing exactly how much fault was hers, for the deaths, for the broken lives, for the mess †¦ A fidgeting young Tully boy on the other side of the aisle hopped out of his pew, and a tattooed woman reached out a powerful arm, grabbed him and pulled him back. Tessa's sobs were punctuated by a little gasp of surprise. She was sure that she had recognized her own lost watch on the thick wrist. Sukhvinder, who was listening to Tessa's sobs, felt sorry for her, but did not dare turn around. Parminder was furious with Tessa. There had been no way for Sukhvinder to explain the scars on her arms without mentioning Fats Wall. She had begged her mother not to call the Walls, but then Tessa had telephoned Parminder to tell them that Fats had taken full responsibility for The_Ghost_of_ Barry_Fairbrother's posts on the council website, and Parminder had been so vitriolic on the telephone that they had not spoken since. It had been such a strange thing for Fats to do, to take the blame for her post too; Sukhvinder thought of it almost as an apology. He had always seemed to read her mind: did he know that she had attacked her own mother? Sukhvinder wondered whether she would be able to confess the truth to this new counsellor in whom her parents seemed to place so much faith, and whether she would ever be able to tell the newly kind and contrite Parminder †¦ She was trying to follow the service, but it was not helping her in the way that she had hoped. She was glad about the chrysanthemum oar and the teddy bear, which Lauren's mum had made; she was glad that Gaia and Andy had come, and the girls from the rowing team, but she wished that the Fairbrother twins had not refused. (‘It'd upset Mum,' Siobhan had told Sukhvinder. ‘See, she thinks Dad spent too much time on Krystal.' ‘Oh,' said Sukhvinder, taken aback. ‘And,' said Niamh, ‘Mum doesn't like the idea that she'll have to see Krystal's grave every time we visit Dad's. They'll probably be really near each other.' Sukhvinder thought these objections small and mean, but it seemed sacrilegious to apply such terms to Mrs Fairbrother. The twins walked away, wrapped up in each other as they always were these days, and treating Sukhvinder with coolness for her defection to the outsider, Gaia Bawden.) Sukhvinder kept waiting for somebody to stand up and talk about who Krystal really was, and what she had done in her life, the way that Niamh and Siobhan's uncle had done for Mr Fairbrother, but apart from the vicar's brief reference to ‘tragically short lives' and ‘local family with deep roots in Pagford', he seemed determined to skirt the facts. So Sukhvinder focused her thoughts on the day that their crew had competed in the regional finals. Mr Fairbrother had driven them in the minibus to face the girls from St Anne's. The canal ran right through the private school's grounds, and it had been decided that they were to change in the St Anne's sports hall, and start the race there. ‘Unsporting, course it is,' Mr Fairbrother had told them on the way. ‘Home-ground advantage. I tried to get it changed, but they wouldn't. Just don't be intimidated, all right?' ‘I ain' fuck – ‘ ‘Krys – ‘ ‘I ain' scared.' But when they turned into the grounds, Sukhvinder was scared. Long stretches of soft green lawn, and a big symmetrical golden-stoned building with spires and a hundred windows: she had never seen anything like it, except on picture postcards. ‘It's like Buckingham Palace!' Lauren shrieked from the back, and Krystal's mouth had formed a round O; she had been as unaffected as a child sometimes. All of their parents, and Krystal's great-grandmother, were waiting at the finishing line, wherever that was. Sukhvinder was sure that she was not the only one who felt small, scared and inferior as they approached the entrance of the beautiful building. A woman in academic dress came swooping out to greet Mr Fairbrother, in his tracksuit. ‘You must be Winterdown!' ‘Course ‘e's not, does ‘e look like a fuckin' buildin'?' said Krystal loudly. They were sure that the teacher from St Anne's had heard, and Mr Fairbrother turned and tried to scowl at Krystal, but they could tell that he thought it was funny, really. The whole team started to giggle, and they were still snorting and cackling when Mr Fairbrother saw them off at the entrance to the changing rooms. ‘Stretch!' he shouted after them. The team from St Anne's was inside with their own coach. The two sets of girls eyed each other across the benches. Sukhvinder was struck by the other team's hair. All of them wore it long, natural and shiny: they could have starred in shampoo adverts. On their own team, Siobhan and Niamh had bobs, Lauren's hair was short; Krystal always wore hers in a tight, high pony tail, and Sukhvinder's was rough, thick and unruly as a horse's mane. She thought she saw two of the St Anne's girls exchange whispers and smirks, and was sure of it when Krystal suddenly stood tall, glaring at them, and said, ‘S'pose your shit smells of roses, does it?' ‘I beg your pardon?' said their coach. ‘Jus' askin',' said Krystal sweetly, turning her back to pull off her tracksuit bottoms. The urge to giggle had been too powerful to resist; the Winterdown team snorted with laughter as they changed. Krystal clowned away, and as the St Anne's crew filed out she mooned them. ‘Charming,' said the last girl to leave. ‘Thanks a lot,' Krystal called after her. ‘I'll let yer ‘ave another look later, if yeh want. I know yeh're all lezzers,' she yelled, ‘stuck in ‘ere together with no boys!' Holly had laughed so much that she had doubled over and banged her head on the locker door. ‘Fuckin' watch it, Hol,' Krystal had said, delighted with the effect she was having on them all. ‘Yeh'll need yer ‘ead.' As they had trooped down to the canal, Sukhvinder could see why Mr Fairbrother had wanted the venue changed. There was nobody but him here to support them at the start, whereas the St Anne's crew had lots of friends shrieking and applauding and jumping up and down on the spot, all with the same kind of glossy long hair. ‘Look!' shouted Krystal, pointing into this group as they passed. ‘It's Lexie Mollison! Remember when I knocked yer teeth out, Lex?' Sukhvinder had a pain from laughing. She was glad and proud to be walking along behind Krystal, and she could tell that the others were too. Something about how Krystal faced the world was protecting them from the effect of the staring eyes and the fluttering bunting, and the building like a palace in the background. But she could tell that even Krystal was feeling the pressure as they climbed into their boat. Krystal turned to Sukhvinder, who always sat behind her. She was holding something in her hand. ‘Good-luck charm,' she said, showing her. It was a red plastic heart on a key-ring, with a picture of her little brother in it. ‘I've told ‘im I'm gonna bring ‘im back a medal,' said Krystal. ‘Yeah,' said Sukhvinder, with a rush of faith and fear. ‘We will.' ‘Yeah,' said Krystal, facing front again, and tucking the key-ring back inside her bra. ‘No competition, this lot,' she said loudly, so the whole crew could hear. ‘Bunch o' muff munchers. Le's do 'em!' Sukhvinder remembered the starting gun and the crowd's cheers and her muscles screaming. She remembered her elation at their perfect rhythm, and the pleasure of their deadly seriousness after laughter. Krystal had won it for them. Krystal had taken away the home-ground advantage. Sukhvinder wished that she could be like Krystal: funny and tough; impossible to intimidate; always coming out fighting. She had asked Terri Weedon for two things, and they had been granted, because Terri agreed with everyone, always. The medal that Krystal had won that day was around her neck for her burial. The other request came, at the very end of the service, and this time, as he announced it, the vicar sounded resigned. Good girl gone bad – Take three – Action. No clouds in my storms †¦ Let it rain, I hydroplane into fame Comin' down with the Dow Jones †¦ Her family half carried Terri Weedon back down the royal-blue carpet, and the congregation averted its eyes.

Gwen Harwood: Father and Child Essay

The couplet Father and Child from Gwen Harwood explores ideas of power and oppression. Barn Owl, the first poem portrays the effect of authority and the destruction that can occur when people are oppressed. In Nightfall Harwood examines how equality and mutual maturity can develop serenity and harmony. Due to these underlying concepts of authority and rebellion the couplet can be viewed through a Marxist perspective and it examines the effects of autocracy. Although Harwood was never publicly Marxist through her criticism of oppression it is possible to believe that she held similar worldview to that of a Marxist standpoint. In the beginning of Barn Owl the reader witnesses the child, â€Å"a horny fiend†, attempt to escape the oppression under her father â€Å"who is robbed of power by sleep†. Although there is no pretext given for the poem the reader can assume that she seeks to escape her overpowering father. In order to free herself from her father’s authority she needed to become the â€Å"master of life and death† by demonstrating her authority over the innocent bird. Harwood’s metaphor of the levels of authority with the father highest, followed by the child and ending with the bird reflects a non-communist society in which people are in social classes. Similar to a Capitalist culture, ultimately it is the working class, in Harwood’s metaphor the owl, who suffers under the persecution of those in higher social classes. Ultimately these ideas of power and authority cause destruction and suffering. Nightfall, the second poem in the couplet exhibits a shift in authority, where the father and child are equals. The child, now an adult has experienced the world and views her father’s authority as â€Å"ancient innocence†, no longer seeking to rebel, as in the first poem, and instead grieves the loss of her â€Å"stick-thin comforter.† As she reflects on her father’s life, she describes his â€Å"marvellous journey†. These comments are words of commendation and respect a clear shift from Barn Owl, where she seeks to reb. The peaceful death described by the words â€Å"your night and day are one†, contrasts the â€Å"obscene† and â€Å"cruel† murder of the owl in Barn Owl. Ultimately Harwood reflects on the idea that equality provides peace. Harwood never out rightly claimed to be Marxist, however the couplet Father and Child portrays underlying ideas similar to that of a Marxist worldview. Throughout both poems Harwood repeats words often associated with power and a capitalist society such as â€Å"master†, â€Å"wisp-haired judge†, â€Å"exalts† and â€Å"king†. The ending of both poems are also similar as they both end with a death. Although the death of the owl was horrific and tragic and the father’s death was peaceful, it is death all the same. Perhaps by repeating concepts of power and death Harwood is trying to draw the audience to a connection between both. She may be outlining the idea that an attempt to seek power and authority can lead to a death which â€Å"no words, no tears can mend†. This can be interpreted as critiquing a society in which power and influence are the goals, not seeking relationships or community. Father and Child is a representation of the influence of authority. In Barn Owl the audience witnesses a cycle of oppression where the weakest individuals are victims. However, Nightfall exhibits a shift in authority as the father and child are equal leading to peace. Throughout the entire piece the author repeats ideas of power and authority subtly questioning the value of a society where control is the ultimate goal, not the nurturing of relationships and the development of a community in which all people are treated as equals.

Corporate Development During The Industrial Revolution Essays

Corporate Development During The Industrial Revolution Essays Corporate Development During the Industrial Revolution The Standard Oil Company founded by John D. Rockefeller and the U.S. Steel Company founded by Andrew Carnegie. The Standard Oil Company and U.S. Steel Company were made successful in different ways due to the actions of their different owners. The companies differed in their labor relations, market control, and structural organization. In the steel industry, Carnegie developed a system known as vertical integration. This means that he cut out the middle man. Carnegie bought his own iron and coal mines because using independent companies cost too much and were inefficient. By doing this he was able to undersell his competetors because they had to pay the competitors they went through to get the raw materials. Unlike Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller integrated his oil business from top to bottom, his distinctive innovation in movement of American industry was horizontal. This meant he followed one product through all its stages. For example, rockrfeller controlled the oil when it was drilled, through the refining stage, and he maintained control over the refining process turning it into gasoline. Although these two powerful men used two different methods of management their businesses were still very successful (Conlin, 425-426). Tycoons like Andrew Carnegie, "the steel king," and John D. Rockefeller, "the oil baron," exercised their genius in devising ways to circument competition. Although, Carnegie inclined to be tough-fisted in business, he was not a monopolist and disliked monopolistic trusts. John D. Rockefeller came to dominate the oil industry. With one upward stride after another he organized the Standard Oil Company, which was the nucleus of the great trust that was formed. Rockefeller showed little mercy. He believed primitive savagery prevailed in the jungle world of business, where only the fittest survived. He persued the policy of "ruin or rule." Rockefeller's oil monopoly did turn out a superior product at a relatively cheap price. Rockefeller belived in ruthless business, Carnegie didn't, yet they both had the most successful companies in their industries. (The American Pageant, pages 515-518) Rockefeller treated his customers in the same manner that Andrew Carnegie treated his workers: cruel and harsh. The Standard Oil Company desperately wanted every possible company to buy their products. Standard Oil used ruthless tactics when Rockefeller threatenedto start his own chain of grocery stores and put local merchants out of business if they did not buy oil from Standard Oil Company. Carnegie dealt with his workers with the same cold lack of diplomacy and consideration. Carnegie would encourage an unfriendly competition between two of his workers and he goaded them into outdoing one another. Some of his employees found working under Carnegie unbearable. These rivalries became so important to the employees that somedidn't talk to each other for years (McCloskkey, page 145). Although both Carnegie and Rockefeller created extermely successsful companies, they both used unscrupulous methods in some aspect of their corporation building to get to the top. The success of the Standard Oil Company and U.S. Steel company was credited to the fact that their owners ran them with great authority. In this very competetive time period, many new businesses were being formed and it took talented businessmen to get ahead and keep the companies running and make the fortunes that were made during this period. Terra Harnish Heather Rodgers Carly Wolfensberger BIBLIOGRAPHY Conlin, Joseph R. History of the U.S.: Our Land, Our Time. pp. 425-426. 1985. Bailey, Thomas A. and David M. Kennedy: The American Pageant. pp. 515-518. 1987. Latham, Earl: John D. Rockefeller; Robber Baron Or Industrial Statesman? (Problems in American Civilization Series). pg. 39. 1949. McCloskey, Robert Green: American Conservatism In The Age Of Enterprise 1865-1910. pg. 145. 1951.